Leadership and Ambiguity
E446941
"Leadership and Ambiguity" is a seminal work in organizational theory that explores how leaders make decisions and exercise influence under conditions of uncertainty and conflicting goals.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Leadership and Ambiguity canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4489056 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leadership and Ambiguity Context triple: [James G. March, notableWork, Leadership and Ambiguity]
-
A.
Leadership in Turbulent Times
Leadership in Turbulent Times is a historical study by Doris Kearns Goodwin that examines how four U.S. presidents—Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Lyndon B. Johnson—confronted and led through periods of national crisis.
-
B.
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership is a memoir by former FBI Director James Comey reflecting on his career in law enforcement, ethical leadership, and his controversial interactions with President Donald Trump.
-
C.
A Time to Lead
A Time to Lead is a political and military memoir by retired U.S. Army General Wesley Clark, reflecting on his career and views on leadership and national security.
-
D.
Democracy and Leadership
"Democracy and Leadership" is a 1924 political and cultural critique by humanist scholar Irving Babbitt that challenges modern democratic tendencies and emphasizes the need for moral and classical restraint in leadership.
-
E.
We Lead, Others Follow
"We Lead, Others Follow" is the motto of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, reflecting its emphasis on leadership and initiative in military operations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leadership and Ambiguity Target entity description: "Leadership and Ambiguity" is a seminal work in organizational theory that explores how leaders make decisions and exercise influence under conditions of uncertainty and conflicting goals.
-
A.
Leadership in Turbulent Times
Leadership in Turbulent Times is a historical study by Doris Kearns Goodwin that examines how four U.S. presidents—Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Lyndon B. Johnson—confronted and led through periods of national crisis.
-
B.
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership is a memoir by former FBI Director James Comey reflecting on his career in law enforcement, ethical leadership, and his controversial interactions with President Donald Trump.
-
C.
A Time to Lead
A Time to Lead is a political and military memoir by retired U.S. Army General Wesley Clark, reflecting on his career and views on leadership and national security.
-
D.
Democracy and Leadership
"Democracy and Leadership" is a 1924 political and cultural critique by humanist scholar Irving Babbitt that challenges modern democratic tendencies and emphasizes the need for moral and classical restraint in leadership.
-
E.
We Lead, Others Follow
"We Lead, Others Follow" is the motto of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division, reflecting its emphasis on leadership and initiative in military operations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
academic work
ⓘ
book ⓘ organizational theory literature ⓘ |
| academicDiscipline |
management
ⓘ
political science ⓘ sociology of organizations ⓘ |
| argues | organizational decisions are often outcomes of loosely connected streams of problems, solutions, and participants ⓘ |
| associatedWithConcept |
garbage can decision process
ⓘ
organized anarchies ⓘ |
| author |
James G. March
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Michael D. Cohen NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| contributionTo |
organizational decision process research
ⓘ
theory of decision-making under ambiguity ⓘ understanding of leadership as symbolic action ⓘ |
| emphasizes |
importance of ambiguity in organizations
ⓘ
limits of managerial control ⓘ symbolic and interpretive dimensions of leadership ⓘ |
| examines |
loose coupling in organizations
ⓘ
organizational decision-making as an organized anarchy ⓘ the role of attention in organizational choice ⓘ the role of fluid participation in organizations ⓘ the role of problematic preferences in organizations ⓘ the role of rules and routines in decisions ⓘ the role of unclear technology in organizations ⓘ |
| explores |
how leaders act under conflicting goals
ⓘ
how leaders cope with uncertainty ⓘ limits of rational decision-making in organizations ⓘ symbolic aspects of leadership ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
decision processes in organizations
ⓘ
higher education organizations ⓘ university governance ⓘ |
| influencedField |
higher education studies
ⓘ
leadership studies ⓘ organizational behavior ⓘ public administration ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
decision-making under uncertainty
ⓘ
leadership ⓘ organizational ambiguity ⓘ organizational goals ⓘ organizational theory ⓘ |
| theoreticalFramework | garbage can model of organizational choice ⓘ |
| usedAs |
reference in leadership theory courses
ⓘ
reference in organizational theory courses ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Leadership and Ambiguity Description of subject: "Leadership and Ambiguity" is a seminal work in organizational theory that explores how leaders make decisions and exercise influence under conditions of uncertainty and conflicting goals.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.