Battle of the Jhelum
E378794
The Battle of the Jhelum was a major 326 BCE clash in Alexander the Great’s Indian campaign, where he defeated King Porus on the banks of the Hydaspes River in present-day Pakistan.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of the Jhelum canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3648699 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Jhelum Context triple: [Battle of the Hydaspes, alsoKnownAs, Battle of the Jhelum]
-
A.
Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal (1739) was a decisive confrontation in northern India where Nader Shah of Persia crushed the Mughal forces, leading to the sack of Delhi and a major decline of the Mughal Empire.
-
B.
Battle of Peiwar Kotal
The Battle of Peiwar Kotal was a key 1878 engagement in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in which British-Indian forces under General Frederick Roberts outflanked and defeated Afghan troops to secure a strategic mountain pass.
-
C.
Battle of Aror
The Battle of Aror was an early 8th-century conflict in Sindh in which the Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the local ruler Raja Dahir, paving the way for Muslim rule in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Gujrat
The Battle of Gujrat was a decisive 1849 engagement of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in which British forces crushed the Sikh army, leading to the annexation of the Punjab into British India.
-
E.
Battle of Lashkar Gah
The Battle of Lashkar Gah was a significant engagement during the War in Afghanistan in which coalition and Afghan forces fought Taliban insurgents for control of the strategic provincial capital of Helmand.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Jhelum Target entity description: The Battle of the Jhelum was a major 326 BCE clash in Alexander the Great’s Indian campaign, where he defeated King Porus on the banks of the Hydaspes River in present-day Pakistan.
-
A.
Battle of Karnal
The Battle of Karnal (1739) was a decisive confrontation in northern India where Nader Shah of Persia crushed the Mughal forces, leading to the sack of Delhi and a major decline of the Mughal Empire.
-
B.
Battle of Peiwar Kotal
The Battle of Peiwar Kotal was a key 1878 engagement in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in which British-Indian forces under General Frederick Roberts outflanked and defeated Afghan troops to secure a strategic mountain pass.
-
C.
Battle of Aror
The Battle of Aror was an early 8th-century conflict in Sindh in which the Umayyad general Muhammad bin Qasim defeated the local ruler Raja Dahir, paving the way for Muslim rule in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Gujrat
The Battle of Gujrat was a decisive 1849 engagement of the Second Anglo-Sikh War in which British forces crushed the Sikh army, leading to the annexation of the Punjab into British India.
-
E.
Battle of Lashkar Gah
The Battle of Lashkar Gah was a significant engagement during the War in Afghanistan in which coalition and Afghan forces fought Taliban insurgents for control of the strategic provincial capital of Helmand.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient battle
ⓘ
battle ⓘ military conflict ⓘ |
| aftermath |
expansion of Alexander’s control over parts of the Punjab
ⓘ
integration of Indian troops into Alexander’s army ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Battle of the Hydaspes
ⓘ
Battle of the Hydaspes ⓘ
surface form:
Battle of the Hydaspes River
|
| associatedWith |
monsoon-season campaigning
ⓘ
use of Indian war elephants ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Paurava kingdom
ⓘ
surface form:
Kingdom of Paurava
Macedon ⓘ
surface form:
Macedonian Empire
army of Alexander the Great ⓘ army of King Porus ⓘ |
| combatantStrength |
Macedonian forces including infantry, cavalry, and companion cavalry
ⓘ
Paurava forces including infantry, cavalry, chariots, and war elephants ⓘ |
| commander |
Alexander the Great
ⓘ
King Porus ⓘ |
| date | 326 BCE ⓘ |
| era | Hellenistic period ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Porus restored as a client king
ⓘ
mutiny of Alexander’s troops at the Hyphasis River ⓘ mutual respect between Alexander and Porus ⓘ |
| historicalSource |
Arrian’s Anabasis of Alexander
ⓘ
Diodorus Siculus ⓘ
surface form:
Diodorus Siculus’s Bibliotheca historica
Life of Alexander ⓘ
surface form:
Plutarch’s Life of Alexander
|
| locatedInPresentDay | Pakistan ⓘ |
| location |
Hydaspes River
ⓘ
Jhelum River ⓘ Punjab ⓘ
surface form:
Punjab region
near present-day Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan ⓘ |
| modernCountry | Pakistan ⓘ |
| notableEvent | Alexander reportedly asked Porus how he wished to be treated ⓘ |
| notableQuote | Porus replied that he wished to be treated “like a king” ⓘ |
| outcome | defeat of King Porus ⓘ |
| partOf |
Mallian campaign of Alexander the Great
ⓘ
surface form:
Alexander the Great’s Indian campaign
Wars of Alexander the Great ⓘ |
| portrayedAs | clash between Macedonian tactics and Indian war elephants ⓘ |
| precededBy |
Mallian campaign of Alexander the Great
ⓘ
surface form:
Alexander’s crossing of the Indus River
Battle of Gaugamela ⓘ |
| region | northwestern Indian subcontinent ⓘ |
| result | Macedonian victory ⓘ |
| riverCrossing | Alexander crossed the Hydaspes River at night to surprise Porus ⓘ |
| significance |
demonstrated Alexander’s ability to defeat war elephants
ⓘ
marked the easternmost major battle of Alexander’s conquests ⓘ one of the hardest-fought battles of Alexander’s career ⓘ |
| theatre | Indian subcontinent ⓘ |
| year | 326 BCE ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of the Jhelum Description of subject: The Battle of the Jhelum was a major 326 BCE clash in Alexander the Great’s Indian campaign, where he defeated King Porus on the banks of the Hydaspes River in present-day Pakistan.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.