Néel relaxation
E326459
Néel relaxation is a magnetic relaxation process in which the magnetization of single-domain nanoparticles flips between energy minima due to thermal fluctuations without physical rotation of the particles.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Néel relaxation canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3093675 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Néel relaxation Context triple: [Louis Néel, knownFor, Néel relaxation]
-
A.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
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B.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
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C.
Langevin theory of paramagnetism
The Langevin theory of paramagnetism is a classical statistical model that explains how the magnetization of paramagnetic materials depends on temperature and applied magnetic field by treating atomic magnetic moments as non-interacting dipoles subject to thermal agitation.
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D.
Cottrell equation
The Cottrell equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how current decays over time during a diffusion-controlled potential step at an electrode.
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E.
Peierls transition
The Peierls transition is a phase transition in one-dimensional metals where a periodic lattice distortion opens an energy gap at the Fermi surface, turning the system from a metal into an insulator or semiconductor.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Néel relaxation Target entity description: Néel relaxation is a magnetic relaxation process in which the magnetization of single-domain nanoparticles flips between energy minima due to thermal fluctuations without physical rotation of the particles.
-
A.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
-
B.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
-
C.
Langevin theory of paramagnetism
The Langevin theory of paramagnetism is a classical statistical model that explains how the magnetization of paramagnetic materials depends on temperature and applied magnetic field by treating atomic magnetic moments as non-interacting dipoles subject to thermal agitation.
-
D.
Cottrell equation
The Cottrell equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how current decays over time during a diffusion-controlled potential step at an electrode.
-
E.
Peierls transition
The Peierls transition is a phase transition in one-dimensional metals where a periodic lattice distortion opens an energy gap at the Fermi surface, turning the system from a metal into an insulator or semiconductor.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
magnetic relaxation process
ⓘ
superparamagnetic relaxation mechanism ⓘ |
| anisotropyEffect | relaxation time increases with increasing anisotropy constant ⓘ |
| assumes | single-domain magnetic state of the particle ⓘ |
| characteristicFeature |
does not require physical rotation of the particle
ⓘ
magnetization flips between energy minima ⓘ |
| competesWith | Brownian relaxation ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
magnetic anisotropy constant
ⓘ
magnetic anisotropy energy barrier ⓘ particle volume ⓘ temperature ⓘ |
| dominatesWhen |
magnetic anisotropy energy barrier is moderate
ⓘ
particles are immobilized in a solid matrix ⓘ |
| drivenBy | thermal fluctuations ⓘ |
| fieldOfStudy |
condensed matter physics
ⓘ
materials science ⓘ nanomagnetism ⓘ |
| hasEquation | τ_N = τ_0 · exp(KV / k_B T) ⓘ |
| hasParameter |
K (anisotropy constant)
ⓘ
T (absolute temperature) ⓘ V (particle volume) ⓘ k_B ⓘ
surface form:
k_B (Boltzmann constant)
τ_0 (attempt time) ⓘ τ_N (Néel relaxation time) ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | mid-20th century theoretical development ⓘ |
| leadsTo |
frequency-dependent AC magnetic susceptibility
ⓘ
time-dependent decay of magnetization ⓘ |
| magnetizationChange | occurs via coherent or quasi-coherent spin rotation ⓘ |
| mechanism | thermally activated magnetization reversal ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Louis Néel ⓘ |
| occursIn |
single-domain magnetic nanoparticles
ⓘ
superparamagnetic particles ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Arrhenius equation
ⓘ
surface form:
Arrhenius law
energy barrier crossing ⓘ |
| relevantTo |
magnetic data storage stability
ⓘ
magnetic hyperthermia ⓘ magnetic nanoparticle imaging ⓘ superparamagnetism ⓘ |
| sizeEffect | relaxation time decreases with decreasing particle volume ⓘ |
| suppressedWhen | temperature is very low compared to anisotropy energy barrier ⓘ |
| temperatureEffect | relaxation time decreases with increasing temperature ⓘ |
| timeScale | typically between 10^-12 s and many seconds depending on parameters ⓘ |
| usedIn | analysis of blocking temperature in superparamagnets ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Néel relaxation Description of subject: Néel relaxation is a magnetic relaxation process in which the magnetization of single-domain nanoparticles flips between energy minima due to thermal fluctuations without physical rotation of the particles.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.