Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
E321739
The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is an international treaty that bans the use of environmental modification methods—such as manipulating weather or geological processes—as weapons in armed conflict.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3027193 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques Context triple: [Conference on Disarmament, negotiatedInstrument, Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques]
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A.
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is an international agreement that designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science, imposing strict environmental safeguards and a ban on mineral resource activities.
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B.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a 1985 international environmental treaty that established a global framework for cooperation to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, underpinning later agreements to control ozone-depleting substances.
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C.
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement that regulates the transboundary movement, handling, and use of living modified organisms to protect biodiversity and human health.
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D.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is an international agreement that bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes, aiming to constrain nuclear weapons development and promote global nonproliferation.
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E.
Convention on Cluster Munitions
The Convention on Cluster Munitions is an international treaty that prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs and mandates assistance to victims and clearance of contaminated areas.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques Target entity description: The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is an international treaty that bans the use of environmental modification methods—such as manipulating weather or geological processes—as weapons in armed conflict.
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A.
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is an international agreement that designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science, imposing strict environmental safeguards and a ban on mineral resource activities.
-
B.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is a 1985 international environmental treaty that established a global framework for cooperation to protect the stratospheric ozone layer, underpinning later agreements to control ozone-depleting substances.
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C.
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement that regulates the transboundary movement, handling, and use of living modified organisms to protect biodiversity and human health.
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D.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is an international agreement that bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes, aiming to constrain nuclear weapons development and promote global nonproliferation.
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E.
Convention on Cluster Munitions
The Convention on Cluster Munitions is an international treaty that prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs and mandates assistance to victims and clearance of contaminated areas.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
arms control agreement
ⓘ
international treaty ⓘ |
| adoptedOn | 1976-05-10 ⓘ |
| aimsTo | ban military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| allows | peaceful use of environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Convention on Environmental Modification
ⓘ
linked to:
Environmental Modification Convention
ENMOD Treaty ⓘ
linked to:
ENMOD Convention
|
| articleCount | 10 ⓘ |
| bindingOn | States that have ratified or acceded to the Convention ⓘ |
| category |
United Nations treaty
ⓘ
treaty on weapons of mass destruction-related issues ⓘ |
| concludedAt | Geneva ⓘ |
| defines | environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| definitionOfEnvironmentalModificationTechniques | any technique for changing—through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes—the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space ⓘ |
| depository | Secretary-General of the United Nations ⓘ |
| encourages | international cooperation in the peaceful use of environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 1978-10-05 ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| negotiatedInForum |
Conference of the Committee on Disarmament
ⓘ
linked to:
Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament
|
| obligesStatesPartiesTo |
not assist, encourage or induce any State, group of States or international organization to engage in prohibited environmental modification activities
ⓘ
not engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureOn | 1977-05-18 ⓘ |
| partOf |
international arms control regime
ⓘ
international environmental law framework ⓘ |
| permits | research into environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes ⓘ |
| preambleMentions |
desirability of banning environmental modification techniques for military or any other hostile purposes
ⓘ
potentially widespread, long-lasting or severe effects of environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| prohibits |
hostile manipulation of natural processes
ⓘ
hostile use of techniques that change the dynamics, composition or structure of outer space ⓘ hostile use of techniques that change the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth ⓘ hostile use of techniques that change the dynamics, composition or structure of the atmosphere ⓘ military use of weather modification ⓘ use of environmental modification techniques as a means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
disarmament
ⓘ
environmental protection in armed conflict ⓘ international humanitarian law ⓘ law of armed conflict ⓘ |
| scopeLimitation | applies to environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury ⓘ |
| shortName |
ENMOD Convention
ⓘ
Environmental Modification Convention ⓘ |
| subject | prohibition of hostile use of environmental modification techniques ⓘ |
| UNGAResolutionEndorsing | United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72 ⓘ |
| verificationMechanism |
complaint procedure through the United Nations Security Council
ⓘ
consultation and cooperation among States Parties ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques Description of subject: The Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is an international treaty that bans the use of environmental modification methods—such as manipulating weather or geological processes—as weapons in armed conflict.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Conference on Disarmament
→
negotiatedInstrument
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
Environmental Modification Convention
→
fullName
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
Treaties of the Soviet Union
→
hasPart
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD, 1977)
ⓘ
linked to: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ENMOD Convention
→
fullName
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72
→
title
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72
→
opensForSignature
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72
→
endorses
→
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72
→
basedOn
→
draft convention on environmental modification techniques
ⓘ
linked to: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
United Nations General Assembly resolution 31/72
→
hasAnnex
→
text of the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ⓘ
linked to: Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques