Inland North region

E321179

The Inland North region is a dialect area of the north-central United States known for distinctive features of American English, including the Northern Cities Vowel Shift.

All labels observed (2)

Label Occurrences
Inland North region canonical 2
Inland North 1

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf American English dialect area
dialect region
linguistic region
borderedByDialectRegion Canada
Midland American English region
North Central American English region
contrastedWith Inland South region
linked to: Inland South

Southern American English region
Western American English region
country United States
documentedIn Atlas of North American English
hasDialect Inland North American English
hasFeature Northern Cities Vowel Shift
backing of /ɛ/
backing of /ʌ/
fronting of /ɑ/
lowering of /ɪ/
monophthongization tendencies in certain vowels
raising of /æ/
hasMajorCity Buffalo
Chicago
Cleveland
Detroit
Flint, Michigan
Gary, Indiana
Milwaukee
Rochester, New York
Syracuse, New York
linked to: Syracuse

Toledo, Ohio
linked to: Toledo
hasSociolinguisticTrend age-graded variation in vowel shift
ongoing change in progress
urban-centered linguistic innovation
hasStatePortion Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin
identifiedBy William Labov
knownFor Northern Cities Vowel Shift
language English
locatedIn Great Lakes region
Midwestern United States
north-central United States
studiedInField dialectology
sociolinguistics
timePeriodOfRecognition 20th century
varietyOf American English

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Inland North American English spokenIn Inland North region
Atlas of North American English coversRegion Inland North
linked to: Inland North region