pXO2
E271804
pXO2 is a virulence-associated plasmid of Bacillus anthracis that encodes genes essential for the bacterium’s protective capsule formation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| pXO2 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2504206 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: pXO2 Context triple: [Bacillus anthracis, plasmid, pXO2]
-
A.
PPO2
PPO2 is an improved variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization reinforcement learning algorithm, designed for stable and efficient policy gradient training in continuous and discrete control tasks.
-
B.
XO
"XO" is a song by American singer Beyoncé, co-written and produced by Ryan Tedder, known for its atmospheric pop sound and emotive vocals.
-
C.
Oxy
Oxy is the commonly used nickname for Occidental College, a private liberal arts college in Los Angeles, California.
-
D.
OX
OX is the postcode area covering Oxford and its surrounding region in Oxfordshire, England.
-
E.
PNX
PNX is the IATA airport code for North Texas Regional Airport, a public airport serving the Sherman–Denison area in Texas, United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: pXO2 Target entity description: pXO2 is a virulence-associated plasmid of Bacillus anthracis that encodes genes essential for the bacterium’s protective capsule formation.
-
A.
PPO2
PPO2 is an improved variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization reinforcement learning algorithm, designed for stable and efficient policy gradient training in continuous and discrete control tasks.
-
B.
XO
"XO" is a song by American singer Beyoncé, co-written and produced by Ryan Tedder, known for its atmospheric pop sound and emotive vocals.
-
C.
Oxy
Oxy is the commonly used nickname for Occidental College, a private liberal arts college in Los Angeles, California.
-
D.
OX
OX is the postcode area covering Oxford and its surrounding region in Oxfordshire, England.
-
E.
PNX
PNX is the IATA airport code for North Texas Regional Airport, a public airport serving the Sherman–Denison area in Texas, United States.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (40)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
extrachromosomal DNA element
ⓘ
plasmid ⓘ virulence plasmid ⓘ |
| absentFrom | many attenuated Bacillus anthracis vaccine strains ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
anthrax
ⓘ
evasion of host immune response ⓘ protective capsule formation ⓘ resistance to phagocytosis ⓘ |
| carriedBy | virulent Bacillus anthracis strains ⓘ |
| coexistsWith | pXO1 plasmid in fully virulent strains ⓘ |
| contributesTo | pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| discoveredIn | 20th century ⓘ |
| enables | capsule formation in Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| encodes |
capsule biosynthesis genes
ⓘ
genes required for poly-γ-D-glutamic acid capsule ⓘ regulatory proteins for capsule expression ⓘ |
| foundInTaxon | Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| geneticMaterial | double-stranded DNA ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFunction | genetic determinant of capsule synthesis ⓘ |
| hasPart |
acpA gene
ⓘ
acpB gene ⓘ capA gene ⓘ capB gene ⓘ capC gene ⓘ capD gene ⓘ pagR-like regulatory genes ⓘ |
| location | cytoplasm of Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| lossOf |
reduces virulence in animal models
ⓘ
results in acapsular phenotype ⓘ |
| organismType | non-living genetic element ⓘ |
| partOf | virulence plasmid system of Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| regulates | expression of capsule operon ⓘ |
| requiredFor | full virulence of Bacillus anthracis in mammals ⓘ |
| roleIn | virulence of Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
biodefense research
ⓘ
microbial genetics ⓘ |
| taxonRank | not applicable ⓘ |
| transmittedBy | bacterial cell division ⓘ |
| usedIn |
anthrax pathogenesis research
ⓘ
vaccine strain characterization ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: pXO2 Description of subject: pXO2 is a virulence-associated plasmid of Bacillus anthracis that encodes genes essential for the bacterium’s protective capsule formation.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.