Book 21
E237312
Book 21 is a section of Augustine’s *The City of God* that focuses on the nature, justice, and eternity of the punishments of hell.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2101455 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Book 21 Context triple: [The City of God, dividedInto, Book 21]
-
A.
Book 19
Book 19 is a key section of Augustine’s *The City of God* that focuses on the nature of peace and the ultimate happiness of the heavenly city in contrast to earthly society.
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B.
Book 2
Book 2 is the second section of Augustine of Hippo’s theological and philosophical work *The City of God*, continuing his critique of pagan Roman religion and culture.
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C.
Book 4
Book 4 is a section of Augustine of Hippo’s monumental Christian philosophical work "The City of God," continuing his critique of pagan religion and Roman civic life.
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D.
Book 13
Book 13 is a section of Augustine of Hippo’s theological work "The City of God," in which he reflects on the nature of death, the consequences of original sin, and the hope of resurrection.
-
E.
Book IV
Book IV is a section of Carl Friedrich Gauss’s seminal number theory work *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae*, focusing on properties of quadratic residues and related arithmetic concepts.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Book 21 Target entity description: Book 21 is a section of Augustine’s *The City of God* that focuses on the nature, justice, and eternity of the punishments of hell.
-
A.
Book 19
Book 19 is a key section of Augustine’s *The City of God* that focuses on the nature of peace and the ultimate happiness of the heavenly city in contrast to earthly society.
-
B.
Book 2
Book 2 is the second section of Augustine of Hippo’s theological and philosophical work *The City of God*, continuing his critique of pagan Roman religion and culture.
-
C.
Book 4
Book 4 is a section of Augustine of Hippo’s monumental Christian philosophical work "The City of God," continuing his critique of pagan religion and Roman civic life.
-
D.
Book 13
Book 13 is a section of Augustine of Hippo’s theological work "The City of God," in which he reflects on the nature of death, the consequences of original sin, and the hope of resurrection.
-
E.
Book IV
Book IV is the concluding section of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political treatise *The Social Contract*, where he further develops his ideas on sovereignty, civil religion, and the functioning of a legitimate political community.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book section
ⓘ
part of a theological treatise ⓘ |
| addressesAudience | Christian readers in the late Roman Empire ⓘ |
| arguesAgainst |
the denial of eternal punishment
ⓘ
the view that punishments of hell are temporary ⓘ universalist interpretations that all will ultimately be saved ⓘ |
| arguesFor | the reality of eternal conscious punishment for the damned ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Augustinian doctrine of eternal punishment ⓘ |
| author | Augustine of Hippo ⓘ |
| centralTheme |
eternal retribution for the wicked
ⓘ
the vindication of God’s justice in punishing sin ⓘ |
| clarifies |
Augustine’s response to critics of eternal punishment
ⓘ
Augustine’s understanding of the eternity of hell ⓘ |
| discussesConcept |
degrees of punishment among the damned
ⓘ
divine justice ⓘ divine mercy in relation to punishment ⓘ the compatibility of eternal punishment with God’s goodness ⓘ the immortality of the soul ⓘ the incorruptibility of resurrected bodies in hell ⓘ the meaning of biblical metaphors for hell (fire, worm, darkness) ⓘ the resurrection of the body of the damned ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
the eternity of the punishments of hell
ⓘ
the justice of eternal punishment ⓘ the nature of eternal punishment ⓘ the punishments of hell ⓘ |
| follows |
Book 20 (The City of God)
ⓘ
linked to:
The City of God
|
| genre |
Christian apologetic literature
ⓘ
systematic theology ⓘ |
| hasTopic |
divine judgment
ⓘ
eternal punishment ⓘ hell ⓘ |
| historicalContext | late antiquity ⓘ |
| literaryForm | prose theological argument ⓘ |
| originalTitleLanguage | Latin ⓘ |
| partOf | The City of God ⓘ |
| positionInWork | later book of The City of God ⓘ |
| precedes |
Book 22 (The City of God)
ⓘ
linked to:
The City of God
|
| religiousTradition |
Christianity
ⓘ
Latin Church ⓘ
linked to:
Latin Church worldwide
|
| theologicalDiscipline |
Christian doctrine of hell
ⓘ
Christian eschatology ⓘ |
| traditionInfluence |
Western Christian doctrine of hell
ⓘ
medieval Latin theology on eternal punishment ⓘ |
| usesSource |
Holy Scripture
ⓘ
linked to:
Bible
New Testament passages on judgment and hell ⓘ Old Testament passages on divine judgment ⓘ |
| workLanguage | Latin ⓘ |
| workTitle |
De civitate Dei, liber XXI
ⓘ
linked to:
The City of God
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Book 21 Description of subject: Book 21 is a section of Augustine’s *The City of God* that focuses on the nature, justice, and eternity of the punishments of hell.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
"The City of God" by Augustine of Hippo
linked to: Book 21