General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention
E220063
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1968403 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention Context triple: [Committee against Torture, subjectOf, General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention]
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A.
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.
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B.
First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty that allows individuals to submit complaints to the UN Human Rights Committee alleging violations of the civil and political rights protected by the Covenant.
-
C.
Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that abolishes the death penalty in all circumstances, including in times of war, for its signatory states.
-
D.
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that focuses on the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime among member states of the Council of Europe.
-
E.
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that strengthens individual rights in areas such as procedural safeguards in expulsion, the right to appeal in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, and equality between spouses.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention Target entity description: General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture.
-
A.
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty that commits its parties to abolishing the death penalty under international human rights law.
-
B.
First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a treaty that allows individuals to submit complaints to the UN Human Rights Committee alleging violations of the civil and political rights protected by the Covenant.
-
C.
Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that abolishes the death penalty in all circumstances, including in times of war, for its signatory states.
-
D.
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that focuses on the abolition of the death penalty in peacetime among member states of the Council of Europe.
-
E.
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that strengthens individual rights in areas such as procedural safeguards in expulsion, the right to appeal in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, and equality between spouses.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (36)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United Nations human rights document
ⓘ
authoritative interpretative document ⓘ general comment ⓘ |
| addresses |
individualized assessment of risk
ⓘ
procedural safeguards in removal proceedings ⓘ relevance of general human rights situation in the receiving State ⓘ standard of proof for risk of torture in non-refoulement cases ⓘ |
| adoptedBy |
Committee against Torture
ⓘ
surface form:
Committee against Torture at the United Nations
|
| aimsTo | prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
any other form of transfer of a person to another State
ⓘ
expulsion ⓘ extradition ⓘ return ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Committee against Torture jurisprudence
ⓘ
text of article 3 of the Convention against Torture ⓘ |
| binds | States parties to the Convention against Torture in their implementation of article 3 ⓘ |
| clarifies |
duty not to expel, return or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that they would be in danger of being subjected to torture
ⓘ
obligations of States parties under article 3 of the Convention against Torture ⓘ scope of the prohibition of refoulement ⓘ |
| concerns |
absolute nature of the prohibition of torture
ⓘ
non-derogable character of the obligation not to return a person to a risk of torture ⓘ |
| establishes | criteria for assessing risk of torture upon return ⓘ |
| interprets | article 3 of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ⓘ |
| issuedBy | Committee against Torture ⓘ |
| language |
English
ⓘ
French ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalNature | non-binding but authoritative interpretation ⓘ |
| objective |
ensure effective protection against torture through non-refoulement
ⓘ
guide States parties in implementing article 3 of the Convention against Torture ⓘ |
| relatesTo |
international human rights law
ⓘ
international refugee law ⓘ principle of non-refoulement ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Committee against Torture in examining individual communications
ⓘ
States parties in interpreting article 3 obligations ⓘ courts and tribunals as persuasive authority on non-refoulement under the Convention against Torture ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention Description of subject: General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention is an authoritative interpretative document by the Committee against Torture that clarifies states’ obligations to prevent refoulement to countries where individuals risk torture.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Committee against Torture
→
subjectOf
→
General Comment No. 1 on the implementation of article 3 of the Convention
ⓘ