Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed

E1892

Christological controversy Trinitarian doctrine doctrinal addition to the Nicene Creed theological doctrine

The Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed is a Western-added phrase asserting that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, which became a major theological and ecclesiastical point of contention between Eastern and Western Christianity.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Filioque clause	11
Filioque	2
Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed canonical	1
Filioque controversy	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T20039 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed
Context triple: [Eastern Orthodox Christianity, rejectsDoctrine, Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed]

A. Nicene Creed
The Nicene Creed is an ancient Christian statement of faith, formulated at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople, that defines core doctrines about the Trinity and the nature of Christ and is widely used in liturgical worship across many denominations.
B. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
C. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Eastern Orthodox Christianity is one of the three main branches of Christianity, characterized by its continuity with the early Church, its liturgical worship, and its communion of autocephalous churches centered primarily in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
D. Calvinism
Calvinism is a branch of Protestant Christianity rooted in the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing doctrines such as predestination, the sovereignty of God, and the total depravity of humankind.
E. Episcopal Church
The Episcopal Church is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States that is part of the worldwide Anglican Communion and known for its liturgical worship and historically influential members.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed
Target entity description: The Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed is a Western-added phrase asserting that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, which became a major theological and ecclesiastical point of contention between Eastern and Western Christianity.

A. Nicene Creed
The Nicene Creed is an ancient Christian statement of faith, formulated at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople, that defines core doctrines about the Trinity and the nature of Christ and is widely used in liturgical worship across many denominations.
B. Apostles’ Creed
The Apostles’ Creed is an early and widely used statement of Christian faith that succinctly summarizes core doctrines about God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit.
C. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
D. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Eastern Orthodox Christianity is one of the three main branches of Christianity, characterized by its continuity with the early Church, its liturgical worship, and its communion of autocephalous churches centered primarily in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
E. Pentecost
Pentecost is a major Christian feast commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, often regarded as the "birthday" of the Church.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Christological controversy ⓘ Trinitarian doctrine ⓘ doctrinal addition to the Nicene Creed ⓘ theological doctrine ⓘ
acceptedBy	Anglican Communion ⓘ Roman Catholicism ⓘ surface form: Roman Catholic Church many Lutheran churches ⓘ many Reformed churches ⓘ most Protestant churches ⓘ
addedTo	Western versions of the Nicene Creed ⓘ
asserts	that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son ⓘ
associatedWith	Latin Rite ⓘ surface form: Latin Church Roman Catholicism ⓘ surface form: Roman Catholic Church Western Christianity ⓘ
centralTo	East–West Schism ⓘ
clarifiedBy	the 1995 Catholic–Orthodox statement of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity ⓘ
classifiedAs	a Western interpolation by many Eastern theologians ⓘ
concerns	the procession of the Holy Spirit ⓘ
considered	a major theological point of contention between Eastern and Western Christianity ⓘ
contrastsWith	the original phrase “who proceeds from the Father” alone ⓘ
criticizedFor	being added to the Creed without an ecumenical council ⓘ
debatedAt	Council of Florence ⓘ
defendedBy	Roman Catholic magisterial documents ⓘ
discussedIn	Catholic–Orthodox theological dialogues ⓘ
firstClearlyAttestedIn	Latin councils in Spain ⓘ
hasDoctrinalBasisIn	Augustinian Trinitarian theology ⓘ
hasEcclesiologicalDimension	because it raises questions about authority to alter ecumenical creeds ⓘ
hasFormulation	“qui ex Patre Filioque procedit” in Latin ⓘ
hasLanguage	Latin ⓘ
hasLiteralMeaning	and from the Son ⓘ
historicallyLinkedTo	anti-Arian controversies in the West ⓘ
implicates	the concept of the monarchy of the Father ⓘ the relationship between economic and immanent Trinity ⓘ
influences	Western liturgical and catechetical formulations of the Trinity ⓘ
modifies	the article on the Holy Spirit in the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed ⓘ
notPresentIn	original Greek text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 ⓘ
omittedIn	the Greek text of the Creed used in Eastern Orthodox liturgy ⓘ
opposedBy	Greek Church Fathers’ emphasis on the Father as sole arche (principle) of the Trinity ⓘ
rejectedBy	Assyrian Church of the East ⓘ Eastern Orthodox Christianity ⓘ surface form: Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodoxy ⓘ surface form: Oriental Orthodox Churches most Eastern Catholic Churches in their liturgical recitation ⓘ
relatesTo	Trinitarian relations ⓘ doctrine of the Trinity ⓘ
sometimesOmittedIn	modern ecumenical liturgical texts ⓘ
subjectOf	ongoing ecumenical negotiations between Catholics and Orthodox ⓘ
usedIn	Third Council of Toledo ⓘ
viewedByEasternTheologyAs	a distortion of the monarchy of the Father ⓘ
viewedByWesternTheologyAs	a clarification of the Spirit’s relation to the Son ⓘ

How these facts were elicited