Cardy’s crossing formula in percolation

Target entity: Cardy’s crossing formula in percolation
Context triple: [John Cardy, knownFor, Cardy’s crossing formula in percolation]

• A. Fortuin–Kasteleyn random cluster model
  The Fortuin–Kasteleyn random cluster model is a unifying probabilistic framework in statistical mechanics that represents spin systems and percolation models, notably providing a graphical reformulation of the Potts model.
• B. Yang–Lee edge singularity
  The Yang–Lee edge singularity is a critical point in the complex plane of an external field where the zeros of a system’s partition function accumulate, defining a non-unitary universality class in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory.
• C. Yang–Lee theory
  Yang–Lee theory is a framework in statistical mechanics and phase transition theory that studies the distribution of zeros of the partition function in the complex plane to understand critical phenomena.
• D. Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
  Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
• E. Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions
  The Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions is a result in quantum field theory stating that continuous symmetries cannot undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-dimensional spacetime due to large infrared fluctuations.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Cardy’s crossing formula in percolation
Target entity description: Cardy’s crossing formula in percolation is a celebrated result in two-dimensional critical percolation theory that gives an exact expression for the probability of a cluster connecting opposite sides of a domain, derived using conformal field theory.

• A. Fortuin–Kasteleyn random cluster model
  The Fortuin–Kasteleyn random cluster model is a unifying probabilistic framework in statistical mechanics that represents spin systems and percolation models, notably providing a graphical reformulation of the Potts model.
• B. Yang–Lee edge singularity
  The Yang–Lee edge singularity is a critical point in the complex plane of an external field where the zeros of a system’s partition function accumulate, defining a non-unitary universality class in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory.
• C. Yang–Lee theory
  Yang–Lee theory is a framework in statistical mechanics and phase transition theory that studies the distribution of zeros of the partition function in the complex plane to understand critical phenomena.
• D. Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
  Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
• E. Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions
  The Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions is a result in quantum field theory stating that continuous symmetries cannot undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-dimensional spacetime due to large infrared fluctuations.
• F. None of above. chosen