Puyuma language
E143620
The Puyuma language is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by the Puyuma Indigenous people of southeastern Taiwan.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Puyuma language canonical | 13 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1204532 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Puyuma language Context triple: [Formosan languages, majorSubgroupIncludes, Puyuma language]
-
A.
Ndyuka language
The Ndyuka language is an English-based creole spoken primarily by the Ndyuka Maroon community in Suriname and French Guiana.
-
B.
Puquina language
The Puquina language is an extinct and poorly documented indigenous tongue once spoken in the central Andes, believed to have been associated with pre-Inca and possibly Tiwanaku-era civilizations.
-
C.
Pichi language
Pichi is an English-based creole language spoken primarily in Equatorial Guinea, where it serves as a major lingua franca and has significantly shaped local varieties of Spanish.
-
D.
Ipai language
The Ipai language is a Native American language traditionally spoken by the Kumeyaay (Ipai) people of southern California and northern Baja California.
-
E.
Achuar-Shiwiar language
The Achuar-Shiwiar language is a Jivaroan language spoken by the Achuar and Shiwiar Indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador and Peru.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Puyuma language Target entity description: The Puyuma language is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by the Puyuma Indigenous people of southeastern Taiwan.
-
A.
Ndyuka language
The Ndyuka language is an English-based creole spoken primarily by the Ndyuka Maroon community in Suriname and French Guiana.
-
B.
Puquina language
The Puquina language is an extinct and poorly documented indigenous tongue once spoken in the central Andes, believed to have been associated with pre-Inca and possibly Tiwanaku-era civilizations.
-
C.
Pichi language
Pichi is an English-based creole language spoken primarily in Equatorial Guinea, where it serves as a major lingua franca and has significantly shaped local varieties of Spanish.
-
D.
Ipai language
The Ipai language is a Native American language traditionally spoken by the Kumeyaay (Ipai) people of southern California and northern Baja California.
-
E.
Achuar-Shiwiar language
The Achuar-Shiwiar language is a Jivaroan language spoken by the Achuar and Shiwiar Indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador and Peru.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Austronesian language
ⓘ
Formosan language ⓘ endangered language ⓘ |
| alignmentType | Austronesian alignment ⓘ |
| alternativeName |
Beinan
ⓘ
Nanshi Amis (historical misclassification) ⓘ Pinan ⓘ Puyuma ⓘ Puyuma-Puyuma ⓘ
linked to:
Puyuma
Puyumaan ⓘ |
| continent | Asia ⓘ |
| country |
Taiwan
ⓘ
linked to:
Taiwan, Province of China
|
| endangermentStatus | definitely endangered ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | Puyuma people ⓘ |
| hasDialect |
Katipul dialect
ⓘ
Nanwang dialect ⓘ Puyuma proper dialect ⓘ |
| hasGrammaticalFeature |
aspect and mood marking on verbs
ⓘ
case-marking particles ⓘ focus system ⓘ inclusive–exclusive distinction in first person plural pronouns ⓘ voice-marking on verbs ⓘ |
| hasNeighboringLanguage |
Amis language
ⓘ
Paiwan language ⓘ Rukai language ⓘ |
| hasPhonologicalFeature |
contrastive vowel length (in some analyses)
ⓘ
rich consonant inventory ⓘ |
| ISO639-3 | pyu ⓘ |
| languageFamily | Austronesian languages ⓘ |
| languageOf |
Puyuma Indigenous people of Taiwan
ⓘ
linked to:
indigenous peoples of Taiwan
|
| locatedNear | Taitung City ⓘ |
| morphologicalType | agglutinative ⓘ |
| primaryWordOrder | verb–initial ⓘ |
| region | southeastern Taiwan ⓘ |
| revitalizationEffort |
community-based language classes
ⓘ
documentation projects by linguists ⓘ |
| shiftedTo |
Mandarin Chinese (for many speakers)
ⓘ
Taiwanese Hokkien (for many speakers) ⓘ
linked to:
Taiwanese Hokkien
|
| spokenBy | Puyuma people ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Taitung County
ⓘ
Taiwan ⓘ
linked to:
Taiwan, Province of China
|
| spokenInVillage |
Kasavakan
ⓘ
Katipul ⓘ Nanwang ⓘ Tamalakaw ⓘ |
| status | endangered ⓘ |
| subfamily | Formosan languages ⓘ |
| usedIn |
rituals and ceremonies
ⓘ
traditional songs ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Latin script
ⓘ
linked to:
Latin alphabet
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Puyuma language Description of subject: The Puyuma language is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by the Puyuma Indigenous people of southeastern Taiwan.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.