Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
E140385
Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld an Arizona law allowing the state to revoke business licenses of employers who knowingly hire unauthorized immigrants, ruling that it was not preempted by federal immigration law.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1228130 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting Context triple: [De Canas v. Bica, relatedCase, Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting]
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
C.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
D.
National League of Cities v. Usery
National League of Cities v. Usery was a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by holding that federal wage and hour regulations could not be applied to traditional state government functions.
-
E.
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that held a Massachusetts law restricting state business with Burma was preempted by federal sanctions under the Supremacy Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting Target entity description: Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld an Arizona law allowing the state to revoke business licenses of employers who knowingly hire unauthorized immigrants, ruling that it was not preempted by federal immigration law.
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
C.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
D.
National League of Cities v. Usery
National League of Cities v. Usery was a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by holding that federal wage and hour regulations could not be applied to traditional state government functions.
-
E.
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council
Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that held a Massachusetts law restricting state business with Burma was preempted by federal sanctions under the Supremacy Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
court case ⓘ |
| citation |
131 S. Ct. 1968
ⓘ
179 L. Ed. 2d 1031 ⓘ 563 U.S. 582 ⓘ |
| concerns |
E-Verify
ⓘ
surface form:
E-Verify program
business licensing ⓘ employer sanctions ⓘ unauthorized immigrants ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy |
Samuel A. Alito Jr.
ⓘ
surface form:
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| decisionDate | 2011-05-26 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 09-115 ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| holding |
Arizona may require employers to use the federal E-Verify system
ⓘ
Arizona may revoke or suspend business licenses of employers who knowingly or intentionally hire unauthorized aliens ⓘ the Arizona law falls within the IRCA savings clause for licensing and similar laws ⓘ SB 1070 ⓘ
surface form:
the Legal Arizona Workers Act is not expressly preempted by the federal Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
|
| impact | affirmed states’ ability to use licensing laws to sanction employers of unauthorized workers ⓘ |
| issue | whether Arizona’s Legal Arizona Workers Act is preempted by federal immigration law ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ
surface form:
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
|
| lawApplied |
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
ⓘ
Arizona Revised Statutes ⓘ
surface form:
Legal Arizona Workers Act
federal preemption doctrine ⓘ |
| legalSubject |
employment law
ⓘ
federal preemption ⓘ immigration law ⓘ |
| locationOfOriginatingCase | Arizona ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy |
John G. Roberts Jr.
ⓘ
surface form:
John G. Roberts, Jr.
|
| petitioner | Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Arizona v. United States ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
conflict preemption
ⓘ
express preemption ⓘ field preemption ⓘ implied preemption ⓘ |
| respondent |
Arizona
ⓘ
surface form:
State of Arizona
Whiting ⓘ |
| stateLawUpheld |
Arizona Revised Statutes
ⓘ
surface form:
Legal Arizona Workers Act
|
| term | October Term 2010 ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 5-3 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 2011 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting Description of subject: Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld an Arizona law allowing the state to revoke business licenses of employers who knowingly hire unauthorized immigrants, ruling that it was not preempted by federal immigration law.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.