Onsager solution of the 2D Ising model

Target entity: Onsager solution of the 2D Ising model
Context triple: [Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model, relatedTo, Onsager solution of the 2D Ising model]

• A. Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
  Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
• B. Onsager reciprocal relations
  Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
• C. Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions
  The Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions is a result in quantum field theory stating that continuous symmetries cannot undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-dimensional spacetime due to large infrared fluctuations.
• D. Landau theory of second-order phase transitions
  Landau theory of second-order phase transitions is a phenomenological framework that explains continuous phase transitions by expanding the free energy in terms of an order parameter and analyzing symmetry-breaking behavior near critical points.
• E. Ising models
  Ising models are mathematical models in statistical mechanics that describe systems of interacting binary variables (spins) on a lattice, widely used to study phase transitions, magnetism, and as a foundation for various probabilistic and machine learning models.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Onsager solution of the 2D Ising model
Target entity description: The Onsager solution of the 2D Ising model is the exact analytical solution, obtained by Lars Onsager in 1944, that determines the free energy and critical behavior of the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet on a square lattice.

• A. Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
  Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
• B. Onsager reciprocal relations
  Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
• C. Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions
  The Coleman theorem on symmetry breaking in two dimensions is a result in quantum field theory stating that continuous symmetries cannot undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-dimensional spacetime due to large infrared fluctuations.
• D. Landau theory of second-order phase transitions
  Landau theory of second-order phase transitions is a phenomenological framework that explains continuous phase transitions by expanding the free energy in terms of an order parameter and analyzing symmetry-breaking behavior near critical points.
• E. Ising models
  Ising models are mathematical models in statistical mechanics that describe systems of interacting binary variables (spins) on a lattice, widely used to study phase transitions, magnetism, and as a foundation for various probabilistic and machine learning models.
• F. None of above. chosen