Gurmukhi

E12238

Indic script abugida writing system

Gurmukhi is an Indic writing system primarily used for the Punjabi language and for recording Sikh religious scriptures.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Gurmukhi canonical	61
Gurmukhi script	39
Gurmukhi (in Sikh manuscripts)	1
Gurmukhi (script used in Sikh tradition)	1
Gurmukhi script (for scriptures)	1
Gurmukhi script in some communities	1
Sikh calligraphy	1
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T115255 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Gurmukhi
Context triple: [Punjab, scriptUsed, Gurmukhi]

A. Devanagari script
Devanagari script is an abugida writing system used for several major South Asian languages, including Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, and Sanskrit.
B. Punjabi language
Punjabi language is an Indo-Aryan language widely spoken in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan and among large diaspora communities worldwide.
C. Diwani script
Diwani script is an ornate Ottoman-era style of Arabic calligraphy characterized by its intricate, flowing lines and dense, decorative composition often used in royal decrees and official documents.
D. Maithili
Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the eastern Indian state of Bihar and neighboring regions, with a rich literary tradition and official recognition in India.
E. Gujarati
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in the Indian state of Gujarat and by Gujarati communities worldwide.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Gurmukhi
Target entity description: Gurmukhi is an Indic writing system primarily used for the Punjabi language and for recording Sikh religious scriptures.

A. Devanagari script
Devanagari script is an abugida writing system used for several major South Asian languages, including Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, and Sanskrit.
B. Punjabi language
Punjabi language is an Indo-Aryan language widely spoken in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan and among large diaspora communities worldwide.
C. Diwani script
Diwani script is an ornate Ottoman-era style of Arabic calligraphy characterized by its intricate, flowing lines and dense, decorative composition often used in royal decrees and official documents.
D. Maithili
Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the eastern Indian state of Bihar and neighboring regions, with a rich literary tradition and official recognition in India.
E. Gujarati
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken in the Indian state of Gujarat and by Gujarati communities worldwide.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Indic script ⓘ abugida ⓘ writing system ⓘ
associatedReligion	Sikhism ⓘ
country	India ⓘ
derivedFrom	Landa scripts ⓘ Sharada script ⓘ
hasConsonantLetters	true ⓘ
hasDependentVowels	true ⓘ
hasDiacritics	true ⓘ
hasIndependentVowels	true ⓘ
hasNukta	true ⓘ
hasNumerals	true ⓘ
hasVirama	true ⓘ
hasVowelSigns	true ⓘ
historicalUse	writing classical Punjabi literature ⓘ
ISO15924	Guru ⓘ
modernUse	official script of Punjabi in Indian Punjab ⓘ
notableFeature	absence of separate letters for voiced/voiceless fricatives in traditional inventory ⓘ distinct letters for aspirated consonants ⓘ use of addak sign to mark gemination ⓘ use of tippi and bindi to mark nasalization ⓘ
primaryLanguage	Punjabi language ⓘ
region	Punjab ⓘ surface form: Indian Punjab Punjab ⓘ surface form: Pakistani Punjab Punjab ⓘ
scriptCodeISO15924	Guru ⓘ
scriptFamily	Brahmic scripts ⓘ
scriptType	alphasyllabary ⓘ
standardizedBy	Guru Angad ⓘ
standardizedIn	16th century ⓘ
UnicodeBlock	Gurmukhi (U+0A00–U+0A7F) ⓘ
usedForLanguage	Braj Bhasha ⓘ Dogri ⓘ Haryanvi ⓘ Sant Bhasha ⓘ surface form: Hindi Kangri ⓘ Punjabi language ⓘ Sanskrit ⓘ Sant Bhasha ⓘ Sindhi ⓘ
usedForScripture	Dasam Granth ⓘ Guru Granth Sahib ⓘ Sarbloh Granth ⓘ various Sikh scriptures ⓘ
writingDirection	left-to-right ⓘ
writingSystemOf	Punjabi Sikhs ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (106)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Punjab → scriptUsed → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Punjabi language → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Punjabi language → primaryScriptInIndia → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Punjabi language → scriptForSikhReligiousTexts → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Sikhism → languageOfScripture → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Om → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Brahmi script → hasDescendant → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Punjabi people → usesScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Punjabi literature → hasWritingSystems → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Doabi dialect → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Majhi dialect → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Sharada script → relatedScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Malwai dialect → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Malwai dialect → primaryScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Indo-Iranian languages → writingSystemsInclude → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Gujarati script → relatedTo → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Shahmukhi script → contrastWith → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Indians → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Brahmic scripts → influenced → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Guru Granth Sahib → language → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Guru Granth Sahib → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Gurdwara → languageUsed → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Rehat Maryada → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Harmandir Sahib → languageOfScripture → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Banga → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Landa scripts → precursorOf → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Guru Angad → scriptPromoted → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sant Bhasha → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Sant Bhasha → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Dasam Granth → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sarbloh Granth → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sikh people → languageOfScripture → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sikh people → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Lahnda → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Sikh Confederacy → scriptUsed → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sikh rupee → hasScriptOnCoin → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Sandhawalia Sukerchakia misl → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Tarn Taran district → languageInScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Ghadar newspaper → scriptUsed → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Wikipedia puzzle globe → hasWritingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Arora Punjabis → scriptUsedHistorically → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Guru Arjan → languageOfWork → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Guru Arjan → scriptUsed → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Takri script → relatedScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Languages of India → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Malwai Punjabi → script → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Malwai Punjabi → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Sharada → relatedScript → Gurmukhi ⓘ

Gupta script → developedInto → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

Bagri → writingSystem → Gurmukhi ⓘ

this entity surface form: Gurmukhi script

All labels observed (8)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (106)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited