Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

E104446

United States federal Indian treaty bilateral agreement treaty

The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 was an agreement between the United States and several Lakota Sioux and other Plains tribes that established the Great Sioux Reservation, including the Black Hills, and aimed to end Red Cloud’s War by guaranteeing tribal land rights that were later repeatedly violated.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)	39
Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 canonical	17
Fort Laramie Treaty	1
Fort Laramie treaties	1
Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868	1
U.S.–Lakota treaty negotiations	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T855500 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
Context triple: [Sioux people, historicalEvent, Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868]

A. Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was a landmark agreement between the United States and several Plains tribes, including the Sioux, that attempted to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
B. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
C. Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
D. Sand River Convention
The Sand River Convention was an 1852 agreement by which Britain recognized the independence of the Boer settlers in the Transvaal region of southern Africa.
E. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
Target entity description: The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 was an agreement between the United States and several Lakota Sioux and other Plains tribes that established the Great Sioux Reservation, including the Black Hills, and aimed to end Red Cloud’s War by guaranteeing tribal land rights that were later repeatedly violated.

A. Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was a landmark agreement between the United States and several Plains tribes, including the Sioux, that attempted to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
B. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
C. Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
D. Sand River Convention
The Sand River Convention was an 1852 agreement by which Britain recognized the independence of the Boer settlers in the Transvaal region of southern Africa.
E. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal Indian treaty ⓘ bilateral agreement ⓘ treaty ⓘ
aimedToEnd	Red Cloud’s War ⓘ linked to: Red Cloud's War
countrySignatory	Arapaho ⓘ Blackfeet Lakota ⓘ linked to: Blackfoot Brulé Lakota ⓘ linked to: Brulé band of the Lakota Sioux Cheyenne ⓘ Hunkpapa Lakota ⓘ Lakota Sioux ⓘ linked to: Lakota Miniconjou Lakota ⓘ Oglala Lakota ⓘ linked to: Oglala band of the Lakota Sans Arc Lakota ⓘ Two Kettles Lakota ⓘ United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
dateSigned	1868 ⓘ
established	Great Sioux Reservation ⓘ
follows	Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 ⓘ
guaranteed	exclusive use of Great Sioux Reservation to the Sioux ⓘ hunting rights in unceded territories ⓘ
historicalSignificance	foundation for modern Sioux land claims in the Black Hills ⓘ key document in U.S.–Lakota relations ⓘ
includedClause	requirement that future land cessions need consent of three-fourths of adult male Sioux ⓘ
interpretedBy	United States Supreme Court decision United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
laterViolatedBy	United States government ⓘ
legalStatus	recognized as binding treaty under United States Constitution ⓘ
partOf	United States–Indian Wars ⓘ linked to: United States–Native American wars
primaryPurpose	to guarantee tribal land rights ⓘ to secure peace between the United States and the Sioux and allied tribes ⓘ
providedFor	construction of schools ⓘ distribution of annuities to tribes ⓘ establishment of agencies for the Sioux ⓘ provision of farming equipment ⓘ
recognizedTerritory	Black Hills ⓘ parts of present-day Montana ⓘ parts of present-day North Dakota ⓘ parts of present-day Wyoming ⓘ western South Dakota ⓘ
relatedEvent	Great Sioux War of 1876 ⓘ
relatedTo	Black Hills land claim ⓘ
required	abandonment of Fort C. F. Smith ⓘ abandonment of Fort Phil Kearny ⓘ abandonment of Fort Reno ⓘ
signedAt	Fort Laramie ⓘ
signedIn	Wyoming Territory ⓘ
stipulated	closure of the Bozeman Trail forts ⓘ
violationContext	construction of railroads and settlements in Sioux territory ⓘ gold discovery in the Black Hills ⓘ

How these facts were elicited