Great Storm of 1913

E1039954

Great Lakes storm blizzard extratropical cyclone natural disaster

The Great Storm of 1913 was a catastrophic early-November blizzard and hurricane-force windstorm on the Great Lakes that caused massive shipwrecks and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region’s maritime history.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Great Lakes Storm of 1913	4
Great Lakes storm of 1913	2
Great Storm of 1913 canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13410427 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Great Storm of 1913
Context triple: [Great Lakes shipwrecks, associatedWith, Great Storm of 1913]

A. Great Flood of 1879
The Great Flood of 1879 was a catastrophic inundation of the city of Szeged in Hungary that destroyed most of the town and prompted a major reconstruction.
B. Great Storm of 1287
The Great Storm of 1287 was a devastating medieval North Sea storm that reshaped coastlines in England and the Low Countries, causing widespread flooding, destruction of towns, and significant loss of life.
C. Great New England Hurricane of 1938
The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 was a devastating Category 3 storm that struck the northeastern United States, causing widespread destruction and deadly flooding across New England.
D. The Great Flood of 1852
The Great Flood of 1852 was a catastrophic inundation of the Murrumbidgee River that devastated the Australian town of Gundagai, causing extensive loss of life and prompting the town’s relocation to higher ground.
E. Great Johnstown Flood of 1889
The Great Johnstown Flood of 1889 was a catastrophic dam failure–induced deluge that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people and becoming one of the deadliest and most infamous disasters in U.S. history.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Great Storm of 1913
Target entity description: The Great Storm of 1913 was a catastrophic early-November blizzard and hurricane-force windstorm on the Great Lakes that caused massive shipwrecks and loss of life, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in the region’s maritime history.

A. Great Flood of 1879
The Great Flood of 1879 was a catastrophic inundation of the city of Szeged in Hungary that destroyed most of the town and prompted a major reconstruction.
B. Great Storm of 1287
The Great Storm of 1287 was a devastating medieval North Sea storm that reshaped coastlines in England and the Low Countries, causing widespread flooding, destruction of towns, and significant loss of life.
C. Great New England Hurricane of 1938
The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 was a devastating Category 3 storm that struck the northeastern United States, causing widespread destruction and deadly flooding across New England.
D. The Great Flood of 1852
The Great Flood of 1852 was a catastrophic inundation of the Murrumbidgee River that devastated the Australian town of Gundagai, causing extensive loss of life and prompting the town’s relocation to higher ground.
E. Great Johnstown Flood of 1889
The Great Johnstown Flood of 1889 was a catastrophic dam failure–induced deluge that devastated Johnstown, Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people and becoming one of the deadliest and most infamous disasters in U.S. history.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Great Lakes storm ⓘ blizzard ⓘ extratropical cyclone ⓘ natural disaster ⓘ
affectedActivity	Great Lakes shipping ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Big Blow ⓘ Freshwater Fury ⓘ White Hurricane ⓘ
cause	collision of two major storm systems ⓘ intense low-pressure system over the Great Lakes ⓘ
consequence	changes in Great Lakes shipping safety practices ⓘ increased attention to weather forecasting on the Great Lakes ⓘ
country	Canada ⓘ United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
deathToll	more than 250 people ⓘ
endDate	1913-11-10 ⓘ
hardestHitArea	Lake Erie ⓘ southern and central Lake Huron ⓘ
hardestHitLake	Lake Huron ⓘ
historicalSignificance	benchmark storm for Great Lakes meteorology ⓘ major event in Great Lakes maritime history ⓘ
location	Great Lakes ⓘ Lake Erie ⓘ Lake Huron ⓘ Lake Michigan ⓘ Lake Ontario ⓘ Lake Superior ⓘ
maximumWindSpeed	hurricane-force ⓘ
month	November 1913 ⓘ
notableShipwreck	SS Argus ⓘ SS Charles S. Price ⓘ SS Henry B. Smith ⓘ linked to: SS John A. McGean SS Hydrus ⓘ SS Isaac M. Scott ⓘ SS James Carruthers ⓘ SS John A. McGean ⓘ SS Regina ⓘ SS Wexford ⓘ
recordHeld	one of the deadliest Great Lakes storms in recorded history ⓘ one of the worst inland maritime disasters in North America ⓘ
season	late autumn ⓘ
shipwreckCount	over 30 ships sunk or stranded ⓘ
significantImpact	heavy loss of life ⓘ massive shipwrecks ⓘ severe maritime damage ⓘ
startDate	1913-11-07 ⓘ
weatherType	blizzard conditions ⓘ gale-force winds ⓘ snowstorm ⓘ

How these facts were elicited