|
gptkbp:instance_of
|
gptkb:battle
|
|
gptkbp:aftermath
|
Preservation of Ethiopian sovereignty
Ethiopia remained independent
|
|
gptkbp:allies
|
gptkb:None
approximately 20,000
|
|
gptkbp:casualties
|
approximately 7,000
Ethiopian casualties estimated at 4,000
Italian casualties estimated at 7,000
|
|
gptkbp:combatants
|
gptkb:Ethiopian_Empire
gptkb:Kingdom_of_Italy
|
|
gptkbp:commemorated_by
|
Ethiopian celebrations
|
|
gptkbp:commemoration
|
National holiday in Ethiopia
Controversial discussions in Italy
|
|
gptkbp:cultural_significance
|
Reflection on colonial failures
|
|
gptkbp:date
|
March 1, 1896
|
|
gptkbp:defeated
|
gptkb:Italian_forces
|
|
gptkbp:diplomatic_relations
|
Strained with African nations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_alliances
|
Support from local chieftains
Support from other African nations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_allies
|
gptkb:None
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_army_composition
|
Consisted of various ethnic groups
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_artillery
|
Used effectively
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_battle_cry
|
" Victory or Death"
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_battle_formations
|
Traditional formations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_commanders
|
gptkb:Ras_Bitwaddad_Tesemma
gptkb:Ras_Alula_Engida
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_commemoration
|
Annual celebrations in Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_commemorative_events
|
Annual celebrations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_cultural_impact
|
Celebrated in literature and art
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_cultural_significance
|
Inspiration for art and literature
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_diplomatic_relations
|
Strengthened with other nations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_battle_cry
|
inspired troops
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_battle_plan
|
well-executed
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_casualties
|
approximately 4,000
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_commander
|
gptkb:Ras_Alula_Engida
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_communication
|
effective use of signals
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_equipment
|
traditional weapons
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_historical_narrative
|
celebrated in Ethiopian culture
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_historical_significance
|
first major victory against a European power
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_leadership
|
effective coordination
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_legacy
|
symbol of resistance
inspiration for future generations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_morale
|
high
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_preparation
|
extensive training
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_recognition
|
international respect
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_strategy
|
superior numbers and terrain advantage
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_strength
|
approximately 100,000
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_support
|
local population
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_tactics
|
flanking maneuvers
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_terrain_advantage
|
mountainous region
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_unity
|
various ethnic groups
strengthened national identity
fostered by shared struggle
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_victory_celebration
|
national pride
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_forces_victory_date
|
March 1, 1896
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_documentation
|
Extensively recorded
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_documents
|
Accounts of the battle preserved
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_impact
|
Inspiration for future resistance movements
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_importance
|
Foundation of modern Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_narrative
|
Pride and resilience
Pride and resistance
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_narratives
|
Focus on heroism and resistance
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_historical_significance
|
First major victory against a European power
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_military_leaders
|
gptkb:Ras_Bitwaddad_Tesemma
gptkb:Ras_Alula_Engida
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_military_legacy
|
Influence on future conflicts
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_military_organization
|
Well-coordinated
Well-coordinated and unified
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_military_strategy
|
Use of cavalry
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_military_tactics
|
gptkb:guerrilla_warfare
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_national_identity
|
Strengthened sense of unity
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_preparations
|
Mobilization of resources
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_reinforcements
|
Local militias
Arrived in time for battle
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_supply_lines
|
Well-maintained
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_victory_consequences
|
Secured independence
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_victory_date
|
March 1, 1896
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_victory_impact
|
Encouraged other African nations
|
|
gptkbp:ethiopian_war_cry
|
" Menelik, Menelik!"
|
|
gptkbp:fought_against
|
hilly terrain
Italy and Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:historical_context
|
Colonial expansion in Africa
|
|
gptkbp:historical_impact
|
preservation of Ethiopian sovereignty
Boosted African nationalism
|
|
gptkbp:historical_significance
|
First major victory of an African army against a European power
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
Battle of Adwa
|
|
gptkbp:impact
|
Boosted Ethiopian nationalism
|
|
gptkbp:influenced
|
subsequent African resistance movements
|
|
gptkbp:international_response
|
Recognition of Ethiopian independence
Increased respect for Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:involved
|
gptkb:Ethiopian_forces
|
|
gptkbp:involved_forces
|
approximately 20,000 Italian troops
approximately 100,000 Ethiopian troops
|
|
gptkbp:is_considered
|
symbol of African resistance
a landmark battle
one of the greatest victories of African forces
turning point in African history
|
|
gptkbp:is_documented_in
|
gptkb:historical_records
|
|
gptkbp:is_part_of
|
Ethiopian history
|
|
gptkbp:is_regarded_as
|
a significant event in Ethiopian history
|
|
gptkbp:is_remembered_for
|
Ethiopian nationalism
|
|
gptkbp:is_taught_in
|
military history courses
|
|
gptkbp:italian_alliances
|
Limited support
Limited support from European powers
|
|
gptkbp:italian_ambitions
|
Foiled in East Africa
|
|
gptkbp:italian_army_composition
|
Consisted mainly of Italian soldiers and Eritrean askaris
|
|
gptkbp:italian_artillery
|
Ineffective in battle
|
|
gptkbp:italian_battle_cry
|
" For the Glory of Italy"
|
|
gptkbp:italian_battle_formations
|
Modern European formations
|
|
gptkbp:italian_commanders
|
gptkb:Colonel_Enrico_Frattini
gptkb:General_Giuseppe_Arimondi
|
|
gptkbp:italian_commemorative_events
|
Military parades
|
|
gptkbp:italian_cultural_impact
|
Critiqued in military history
|
|
gptkbp:italian_defeat_consequences
|
Loss of territory in Africa
|
|
gptkbp:italian_defeat_date
|
March 1, 1896
|
|
gptkbp:italian_defeat_impact
|
Setback for Italian colonial ambitions
|
|
gptkbp:italian_disunity
|
Contributed to defeat
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_artillery_advantage
|
not decisive
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_casualties
|
approximately 7,000
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_commander
|
gptkb:General_Oreste_Baratieri
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_consequences
|
loss of prestige
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_defeat
|
led to withdrawal from Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_defeat_impact
|
shift in colonial policies
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_equipment
|
modern artillery
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_historical_lesson
|
underestimating opponents is dangerous
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_morale
|
low
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_morale_boost
|
initial successes
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_objective
|
colonization of Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_reinforcements
|
arrived too late
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_retreat
|
disorganized
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_strategy_failure
|
poor planning
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_strength
|
approximately 20,000
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_supply_lines
|
disrupted
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_tactics
|
defensive positions
|
|
gptkbp:italian_forces_underestimation
|
Ethiopian capabilities
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_documentation
|
Critically analyzed
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_documents
|
Reports of the defeat analyzed
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_impact
|
Setback for colonial ambitions in Africa
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_importance
|
Catalyst for military reforms
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_narrative
|
Colonial ambition
Embarrassment and loss
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_narratives
|
Focus on military failures.
|
|
gptkbp:italian_historical_significance
|
Setback in colonial ambitions
|
|
gptkbp:italian_leader
|
gptkb:General_Oreste_Baratieri
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_leaders
|
gptkb:General_Giuseppe_Galliano
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_legacy
|
Lessons learned in colonial warfare
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_organization
|
Poorly coordinated
Fragmented and disorganized
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_reforms
|
Prompted after the defeat
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_strategy
|
Reliance on artillery
|
|
gptkbp:italian_military_tactics
|
Conventional warfare
|
|
gptkbp:italian_national_identity
|
Questioned colonial policies
Questioned military competence
|
|
gptkbp:italian_preparations
|
Underestimation of logistics
|
|
gptkbp:italian_reinforcements
|
Delayed arrival
|
|
gptkbp:italian_supply_lines
|
Overextended
|
|
gptkbp:italian_war_cry
|
" Viva l' Italia!"
|
|
gptkbp:legacy
|
Symbol of resistance against colonialism
|
|
gptkbp:location
|
gptkb:Adwa,_Ethiopia
Adwa
|
|
gptkbp:mood
|
gptkb:Low
Low after defeat
Underestimated Ethiopian forces
|
|
gptkbp:occurs_in
|
gptkb:1896
|
|
gptkbp:outcome
|
Ethiopian victory
decisive Ethiopian victory
|
|
gptkbp:part_of
|
gptkb:First_Italo-Ethiopian_War
|
|
gptkbp:result
|
Ethiopian victory
|
|
gptkbp:resulted_in
|
gptkb:Treaty_of_Addis_Ababa
loss of Italian prestige
|
|
gptkbp:significance
|
Ethiopian victory
Decisive battle in the First Italo-Ethiopian War
|
|
gptkbp:strategy
|
gptkb:High
gptkb:Emperor_Menelik_II
approximately 100,000
approximately 4,000
Inspiration for future generations
Flanking maneuvers
Defensive tactics
Offensive tactics
Symbol of resistance against colonialism
Defensive positions
Strategic and tactical
Key to victory
Lessons learned in military strategy
Direct assaults
Use of terrain advantage
Offensive campaign
High due to national pride
Poor logistics and planning
Linear formations
Underestimation of Ethiopian forces
Use of terrain and superior numbers
Various ethnic groups united
Fostered among diverse groups
Use of terrain and local knowledge
|
|
gptkbp:takes_place_in
|
gptkb:Ethiopia
|
|
gptkbp:was_affecting
|
European colonial policies
Italian public opinion
|
|
gptkbp:was_marked_by
|
end of Italian expansion in Africa
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:Italy
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
3
|